Menene rashin fa'idodin bakin ƙarfe 304?

Karfe mara tsatsa 304

Karfe mara tsatsa 304 shine aji na bakin ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da shi kuma mafi wakilci. Tare da ƙarfin juriya ga tsatsa, sauƙin siffanta da haɗawa, da farashi mai araha, ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu kamar kera kayayyaki, gine-gine, kiwon lafiya, da kayayyakin masu amfani. A matsayin kayan “manufa gabaɗaya”, Karfe mara tsatsa 304 Yana da saurin bayyana iyakokinsa na asali idan aka sanya shi a cikin yanayi masu tsauri na musamman ko ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na musamman. A cikin yanayi mai ɗauke da chlorine, wuraren bakin teku, ko aikace-aikacen zazzabi mai yawa, 304 na iya gaza da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani, wanda ke haifar da sake aiki, dakatarwar aiki, da maye gurbin da ke da tsada.

Karfe mara tsatsa 304 yana daga cikin bakin ƙarfe marasa tsatsa na austenitic da aka ƙera da chromium 18–20% da nickel 8–10.5%, yana samar da wani layin oxide na chromium mai jinkiri a saman sa wanda ke toshe iskar oxygen da danshi, yana hana tsatsa. Duk da haka, wannan layin mai jinkiri ba ya babu kuskure. Babban rashin fa'idodi na Karfe mara tsatsa 304 a aikace-aikace ana mai da hankali ne kan waɗannan fannoni:

1. Sauƙin lalacewa ta tsatsa a cikin yanayi na sinadarai na musamman (musamman ma a yanayi masu ɗauke da chloride), musamman fashewar tsagewar tsatsa saboda matsin lamba mai haɗari (SCC);

2. Iyaka iyawa a yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, ciki har da haɗarin tsatsa tsakanin ƙwayoyin da ke faruwa sakamakon ƙarfafa hankalin tsatsa, ƙarancin ƙarfin jinkiri, da lalacewar kaddarorin injiniya.

Jerin abubuwan ciki Rushewa
1 Matsalolin bakin ƙarfe 304
2 Yadda ake rage haɗari da warware mafita

Matsalolin bakin ƙarfe 304

1. Hadarin lalacewar ramuka da tsage-tsage a cikin yanayi mai chloride

A cikin muhallai masu ɗauke da chloride (ruwan teku, feshin gishiri, magungunan narkar da kankara), yawan ions na chloride na iya raunana fina-finan kariya na kansu, yana haifar da ramuka da tsage-tsage a cikin tsatsa.

304 ba shi da molybdenum (Mo) kuma ba shi da juriya sosai ga ramuka da tsagewar tsatsa da chloride ke haifarwa idan aka kwatanta da hadadden karfe mai molybdenum (kamar matakin 316/316L).

Ga aikace-aikace da suka shafi tsawon lokaci a fallasa ruwan teku, sinadaran tsabtace ruwa da gishiri, ko gishirin narkar da kankara a kan hanya, ba a ba da shawarar amfani da 304. 

Kayan madadin da aka fi so: 316/316L, bakin ƙarfe na duplex/super austenitic, ko saman da ke da rufi na musamman na kariya.

2. Tsagewar tsatsa sakamakon damuwa da chlorine ke haifarwa, Cl-SCC

Wannan lamari yana faruwa ne lokacin da kayan 304 ke fuskantar matsin tensile (ko dai nauyin da aka dora daga waje ko kuma matsin saura na ciki) yayin da yake a cikin wasu muhallai masu lalata na musamman (galibi muhallai na ruwa masu ɗauke da chloride), wanda ke haifar da farawa da yaduwar tsage-tsage a saman kayan.

A ƙarƙashin matsin tensile da kuma a cikin muhallin ions na chloride, Karfe mara tsatsa 304 Yana da saurin samun tsagewar lalatawar tsatsa sakamakon damuwa (musamman ma a yanayin aiki tsakanin 50–150°C).

Matakan rage illa: Rage ƙarfin damuwa da ya rage (ta hanyar shimfiɗa da dacewa/ƙonewa don rage zafi/ƙonewa don sassauta damuwa), tsara don hana taruwar ramuka, ko zaɓi kayan 316/duplex masu sulfur kaɗan.

3. Walda a zafin gaske na haifar da lalacewar tsakanin ƙwayoyin ƙarfe

A yanayin zafin da ya wuce 425°C, walda a zafin gaske na haifar da faduwar carbon a iyakokin hatsi don samar da karbáid (sensitization), wanda ke haifar da sensitization da lalacewar intergranular.Idan ba a yi amfani da matakan ƙarfe masu ƙarancin carbon (304L) ba ko ba a sarrafa yawan zafi ba, juriya ga tsatsa a yankin walda/yankin da zafi ya shafa tana raguwa.

MaganinYi amfani da 304L (karbon ƙasa) don ayyukan walda, ko kuma a yi maganin annealing/passivation daga baya.

4. Juriya ga zafi mai yawa ba ta kai bakin ƙarfe na musamman masu jure zafi ba

A yanayin zafi mai girma (na dogon lokaci sama da 800°C), 304 yana da ƙarancin juriya ga oksidation, kwarara, da ƙarfi, tare da haɗarin fashewar layin oxide mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da ke da juriya ga zafi kamar 310/316H/309.

Zaɓuɓɓuka da aka ba da shawaraYi amfani da 310, 309, 321, ko hadadden ƙarfe na musamman masu jure zafi don aikace-aikace masu zafin gaske kamar bututun tanda, kayan aikin maganin zafi, da tsarin ƙonewa.

5. Juriya ga sawa da tasiri gabaɗaya matsakaici ce (kayan da ba su da juriya ga sawa)

Karatun bakin ƙarfe na Austenitic (misali 304) suna nuna ƙarancin juriya ga lalacewa da ƙarancin tauri idan aka kwatanta da kayan haɗe-haɗe ko waɗanda aka yi wa maganin saman (misali haɗe-haɗe da aka ƙara tauri, rufewar nikeli mai tauri, da sauransu).

Matakan mayar da martaniZaɓi kayan da ke da juriya ga gogayya ko rufi/layukan saman don aikace-aikace da ke da sauƙin gogayya.

Yadda ake rage haɗari da warware mafita

Koyon game da rashin fa'idodi na Karfe mara tsatsa 304 Yana taimaka wa injiniyoyi wajen rage haɗari, yayin da haɓakawa zuwa kayan da suka fi dacewa kamar 316 ko 310 zai iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis da rage kuɗaɗe.

Zaɓin kayan aiki bisa ga yanayin aiki

  • Don fuskantar ruwan teku/feshin gishiri/muhallai masu yawan chloride, ana fifita bakin ƙarfe 316/316L ko duplex.
  • Don yanayin aiki na dindindin da zafin jiki ya wuce 800°C, ƙwayoyin 310/309 ko ƙwayoyin ƙarfe masu juriya zafi sun fi dacewa.
  • Don aikace-aikace da ke buƙatar walda inda ba zai yiwu a yi annealing ba, ana ba da shawarar 304L ko 316L tare da maganin passivation bayan walda ko shigar zafi da aka sarrafa.

Tambayoyi da ake yawan yi

Shin Karfe mara tsatsa 304 Tsatsa a bakin teku?

A: Tsawon lokaci fuskantar ruwan teku ko feshin gishiri na iya haifar da lalacewar ramuka, wanda ke kaiwa ga tsatsa; ana ba da shawarar karfe mara tsatsa na 316 ko duplex.

Don aikace-aikacen zazzabi mai girma, shin ya kamata mu yi amfani da 310 ko 304?

A: 310 bakin ƙarfe mara tsatsa Yafi 304 a yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi. Yawan chromium da nickel da yake ɗauke da shi yana ba da ƙarin juriya ga lalacewar oxide da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi.

Raba:

Kararrun Sako

Wanne bakin ƙarfe ba shi da maganadisu?

Wanne bakin ƙarfe ba shi da maganadisu?

Ba duk bakin ƙarfe ba ne mai maganadisu. Matakai 304, 316, 321, 310, da 904L ba sa da maganadisu a yanayin da aka yi musu annealing. Matakai na ferritic da martensitic (409, 430, 410) suna da maganadisu.

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